Sentences & Components of Plots

The Basic elements of a sentence in English are

1. Subject
2. Verb
3. Object

A sentence is a group of words that conveys a complete meaning is called a sentence. For example:

He plays football.
They go to school regularly.

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Two parts of a sentence

1. Subject

2. Predicate

Subject:

The part which names the place or thing, we are talking about is called a Subject.

Predicate:

The part which tells something about the Subject is called a Predicate.

She has bought a new car. 'She' is the subject and 'has bought' is the main verb and a; new car' is the object of the main verb. For example:

She does not have any books.

'She' is the subject, and

'does not have' is the main verb, and 'any book" is the object of the verb. 

Exercise:

Choose the correct option:

1. He reads the newspaper daily. 'reads' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Object

2. They are watching the match. 'the match' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Object

3. We have not paid our fee so far.  'we' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Object

4. We don't hate anyone.  'don't hate ' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Predicate
C) Object

5. We shall take an examination this year. 'an examination' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Predicate
D) Object

6. They are watching the match. 'are watching the match' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Predicate
D) Object

7. They are watching the match. 'They' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Predicate
D) Object

8. We have paid the bill. 'have paid' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Predicate
D) Object

9. We have paid the bill. 'the bill' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Predicate
D) Object

10. All of the boys are doing well. 'are doing' is a/an
A) Subject
B) Verb
C) Predicate
D) Object

Answers:

1. (B)  2. (C)  3. (A)  4. (B)

5. (D)  6. (C)  7. (A)  8. (B)
9. (D)  10. (B)

Types of Sentences in English Grammar 

Simple sentences:

• These are not good books to study.
• We have won the final match.
• I have been working here for 10 years.
• She teaches Math to ten classes.
• I need some more information.

Complex Sentences:

• I want to study sciences, so I have selected Biology.
• Though I recommend to her many books, she didn't do that.
• Despite the fact that she had studied for hours, she still found the exam challenging and was disappointed with her grade.
• The company's profits declined sharply after the implementation of new regulations, causing the CEO to re-evaluate their business strategy.
• Although he was initially hesitant to try sushi, he quickly became enamored with its unique flavors and textures, and now enjoys it regularly.
• The author's use of symbolism throughout the novel adds depth and complexity to the themes of love and loss.
• Despite his lack of formal training, the young artist's natural talent and hard work allowed him to create breathtaking works of art that garnered critical acclaim.

Compound sentences:

• She bought a new laptop and a smartphone at the electronics store.
• The sky was cloudy and dark, hinting at an impending storm.
• The restaurant serves both Thai and Chinese cuisine, catering to a diverse clientele.
• I have to wake up early tomorrow and attend a meeting at work before noon.
• He enjoys playing basketball and soccer and often switches between the two sports depending on his mood.

Q.1 What are the basic components of a plot in a play or drama?
Ans. There are five components of a plot which are as follows:

Exposition:
The opening of the play, which establishes the setting, characters, and the main conflict or problem.

Rising Action:
The series of events build tension and increase the stakes of the conflict. This section of the plot often includes complications, obstacles, and conflicts that the protagonist must overcome.

Climax:
The point of highest tension and drama in the play, where the conflict comes to a head and the outcome is uncertain.

Falling Action:
The events that follow the climax, where the tension and conflict begin to subside and the outcomes become clearer.

Resolution:
The final part of the play, where the conflict is resolved and the loose ends are tied up. This might involve a happy ending, a tragic ending, or something in between.

In addition to these basic components, many plays also include subplots, which are secondary storylines that intersect with the main plot. These subplots can add depth and complexity to the play, and often involve supporting characters who have their own goals and conflicts to resolve.

 

Q.2 What are some common themes explored in plays?
Ans: There are many themes that are commonly explored in plays, as the theater has been a platform for exploring the human condition and societal issues for centuries. Some common themes include:

Love and relationships:
This is a perennial theme in drama, as it explores the complexities of human relationships, from romantic love to family dynamics and friendships.

Power and corruption:
Many plays explore the abuse of power and the corrupting influence of authority, particularly in political or social contexts.

Identity and self-discovery:
‘Plays’ often explore questions of identity, including issues of race, gender, sexuality, and cultural identity, as characters struggle to define themselves and find their place in the world.

Society and social issues:
Many plays address social issues and injustices, such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination, and may serve as a call to action for social change.

Death and mortality:
Plays often explore the themes of life and death, including the human experience of grief, loss, and the search for meaning in the face of mortality.

Redemption and forgiveness:
Many plays explore the themes of redemption and forgiveness, as characters seek to atone for past mistakes and find a path to forgiveness and acceptance.

These are just a few examples of the many themes that can be explored in plays. The theater has always been a rich and diverse medium for exploring the human experience and grappling with the big questions of life, and as such, the possibilities for themes in plays are virtually endless.

Download pdf of Notes (Components of Plots)

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Prof. Masood Sadiq